US scientists build hybrid solar energy converter
Tulane University researchers are part of a team of scientists who have developed a hybrid solar energy converter that generates electricity and steam with high efficiency and low cost. The research is detailed this month in the science journal Cell Reports Physical Science. Researchers from San Diego State University, Boeing-Spectrolab and Otherlab were also part of the project.
The work led by Matthew Escarra, associate professor of physics and engineering physics at Tulane, and Daniel Codd, associate professor of mechanical engineering at the University of San Diego, is the culmination of a US Department of Energy ARPA-E project that began in 2014 with $3.3 million in funding and involved years of prototype development at Tulane and field testing in San Diego.
"Thermal energy consumption is a huge piece of the global energy economy - much larger than electricity use. There has been a rising interest in solar combined heat and power systems to deliver both electricity and process heat for zero-net-energy and greenhouse-gas-free development," said Escarra.
The hybrid converter uses an approach that more fully captures the whole spectrum of sunlight. It generates electricity from high efficiency III–V triple-junction solar cells on GaAs substrates that also redirect infrared rays of sunlight to a thermal receiver, which converts those rays to thermal energy.
The thermal energy can be stored until needed and used to provide heat for a wide range of commercial and industrial uses, such as food processing, chemical production, water treatment, or enhanced oil recovery.
The team reports that the system demonstrated 85.1 percent efficiency, delivered steam at up to 248degC, and is projected to have a system levelised cost of 3 cents per kilowatt hour.
With follow-on funding from the Louisiana Board of Regents and Reactwell, a local commercialisation partner, the team is continuing to refine the technology and move towards pilot-scale validation.
"We are pleased to have demonstrated high performance field operation of our solar converter," Escarra said, "and look forward to its ongoing commercial development."
'Solar Cogeneration of Electricity with High-Temperature Process Heat' by Daniel S Codd et al; Cell Reports Physical Science 15th July 2020
